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8.2 HTML SVG

SVG defines vector-based graphics in XML format.

What is SVG?

SVG stands for Scalable Vector Graphics
SVG is used to define graphics for the Web
SVG is a W3C recommendation

The HTML <svg> Element

The HTML <svg> element is a container for SVG graphics.
SVG has several methods for drawing paths, boxes, circles, text, and graphic images.

Browser Support

The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports the <svg> element.

Element
<svg>	4.0	9.0	3.0	3.2	10.1

SVG Circle

Example 1: SVG circle

<svg width="100" height="100">
  <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40" stroke="green" stroke-width="4" fill="yellow" />
</svg>

SVG Rectangle

Example 2: SVG rectangle

<svg width="400" height="100">
  <rect width="400" height="100" style="fill:rgb(0,0,255);stroke-width:10;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" />
</svg>

SVG Rounded Rectangle

Example 3: SVG square with rounded corners

<svg width="170" height="170">
  <rect x="10" y="10" rx="20" ry="20" width="150" height="150"
  style="fill:red;stroke:black;stroke-width:5;opacity:0.5" />>
</svg>

SVG Star

Example 4: SVG polygon

<svg width="205" height="210">
  <polygon points="100,10 40,198 190,78 10,78 160,198"
  style="fill:lime;stroke:purple;stroke-width:5;fill-rule:evenodd;" />
</svg>

SVG Logo

Example 5: SVG gradient

<svg height="130" width="500">
  <defs>
    <linearGradient id="grad1" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%">
      <stop offset="0%" style="stop-color:rgb(255,255,0);stop-opacity:1" />
      <stop offset="100%" style="stop-color:rgb(255,0,0);stop-opacity:1" />
    </linearGradient>
  </defs>
  <ellipse cx="100" cy="70" rx="85" ry="55" fill="url(#grad1)" />
  <text fill="#ffffff" font-size="45" font-family="Verdana" x="50" y="86">SVG</text>
</svg>

Differences Between SVG and Canvas

SVG is a language for describing 2D graphics in XML.
Canvas draws 2D graphics, on the fly (with a JavaScript).
SVG is XML based, which means that every element is available within the SVG DOM. You can attach JavaScript event handlers for an element.
In SVG, each drawn shape is remembered as an object. If attributes of an SVG object are changed, the browser can automatically re-render the shape.
Canvas is rendered pixel by pixel. In canvas, once the graphic is drawn, it is forgotten by the browser. If its position should be changed, the entire scene needs to be redrawn, including any objects that might have been covered by the graphic.

Comparison of Canvas and SVG

The table below shows some important differences between Canvas and SVG:

Canvas	SVG
Resolution dependent No support for event handlers Poor text rendering capabilities You can save the resulting image as .png or .jpg Well suited for graphic-intensive games	Resolution independent Support for event handlers Best suited for applications with large rendering areas (Google Maps) Slow rendering if complex (anything that uses the DOM a lot will be slow) Not suited for game applications

SVG Tutorial

To learn more about SVG, read the SVG Tutorial.

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Module 8: HTML Graphics and Media