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  • 9.1 JS Versions
  • 9.2 JS 2009 (ES5)
  • 9.3 JS 2015 (ES6)
  • 9.4 JS 2016
  • 9.5 JS 2017
  • 9.6 JS 2018
  • 9.7 JS 2019
  • 9.8 JS 2020
  • 9.9 JS 2021/2022
  • 9.10 JS IE / Edge
  • 9.11 JS Versions History
    •
  • 1.1 JS Introduction
  • 1.2 JS Where To Install
  • 1.3 JS Output
  • 1.4 JS Statements
  • 1.5 JS Syntax
  • 1.6 JS Comments
    •
  • 2.1 JS Variables
  • 2.2 JS Let
  • 2.3 JS Const
  • 2.4 JS Operators
  • 2.5 JS Arithmetic
  • 2.6 JS Assignment
    •
  • 3.1 JS Data Types
  • 3.2 JS Functions
  • 3.3 JS Objects
  • 3.4 JS Events
    •
  • 4.1 JS Strings
  • 4.1.1 JS String Methods
  • 4.1.2 JS String Search
  • 4.1.3 JS String Templates
  • 4.2 JS Numbers
  • 4.2.1 JS BigInt
  • 4.2.2 JS Number Methods
  • 4.2.3 JS Number Properties
  • 4.3 JS Arrays
  • 4.3.1 JS Array Methods
  • 4.3.2 JS Array Sort
  • 4.3.3 JS Array Iteration
  • 4.3.4 JS Array Const
    •
  • 5.1 JS Dates
  • 5.1.1 JS Date Formats
  • 5.1.2 JS Get Date Methods
  • 5.1.3 JS Set Date Methods
  • 5.2 JS Math
  • 5.3 JS Random
    •
  • 6.1 JS Booleans
  • 6.2 JS Comparisons
  • 6.3 JS Conditions
  • 6.4 JS Switch
  • 6.5 JS For Loops
  • 6.6 JS While Loops
  • 6.7 JS Break Loops
    •
  • 7.1 JS Sets
  • 7.2 JS Maps
  • 7.3 JS Typeof
  • 7.4 JS Type Conversion
  • 7.5 JS Bitwise
  • 7.6 JS RegExp
  • 7.7 JS Precedence
  • 7.8 JS Errors
  • 7.9 JS Scope
  • 7.10 JS Hoisting
  • 7.11 JS Strict Mode
  • 7.12 JS this Keyword
  • 7.13 JS Arrow Function
    •
  • 8.1 JS Classes
  • 8.2 JS Modules
  • 8.3 JS JSON
  • 8.4 JS Debugging
  • 8.5 JS Style Guide
  • 8.6 JS Best Practices
  • 8.7 JS Mistakes
  • 8.8 JS Performance
  • 8.9 JS Reserved Words
    •
  • 9.1 JS Versions
  • 9.2 JS 2009 (ES5)
  • 9.3 JS 2015 (ES6)
  • 9.4 JS 2016
  • 9.5 JS 2017
  • 9.6 JS 2018
  • 9.7 JS 2019
  • 9.8 JS 2020
  • 9.9 JS 2021/2022
  • 9.10 JS IE / Edge
  • 9.11 JS Versions History
    •
  • 10.1 JS Object Definitions
  • 10.2 JS Object Properties
  • 10.3 JS Object Methods
  • 10.4 JS Object Display
  • 10.5 JS Object Accessors
  • 10.6 JS Object Constructors
  • 10.7 JS Object Prototypes
  • 10.8 JS Object Iterables
  • 10.9 JS Object Sets
  • 10.10 JS Object Maps
  • 10.11 JS Object Reference
    •
  • 11.1 JS Function Definitions
  • 11.2 JS Function Parameters
  • 11.3 JS Function Invocation
  • 11.4 JS Function Call
  • 11.5 JS Function Apply
  • 11.6 JS Function Bind
  • 11.7 JS Function Closures
    •
  • 12.1 JS Class Intro
  • 12.2 JS Class Inheritance
  • 12.3 JS Class Static
    •
  • 13.1 JS Callbacks
  • 13.2 JS Asynchronous
  • 13.3 JS Promises
  • 13.4 JS Async/Await
    •
  • 14.1 DOM Intro
  • 14.2 DOM Methods
  • 14.3 DOM Document
  • 14.4 DOM Elements
  • 14.5 DOM HTML
  • 14.6 DOM Forms
  • 14.7 DOM CSS
  • 14.8 DOM Animations
  • 14.9 DOM Events
  • 14.10 DOM Event Listener
  • 14.11 DOM Navigation
  • 14.12 DOM Nodes
  • 14.13 DOM Collections
  • 14.14 DOM Node Lists
    •
  • 15.1 JS Window
  • 15.2 JS Screen
  • 15.3 JS Location
  • 15.4 JS History
  • 15.5 JS Navigator
  • 15.6 JS Popup Alert
  • 15.7 JS Timing
  • 15.8 JS Cookies
    •
  • 16.1 Web API Intro
  • 16.2 Web Forms API
  • 16.3 Web History API
  • 16.4 Web Storage API
  • 16.5 Web Worker API
  • 16.6 Web Fetch API
  • 16.7 Web Geolocation API
    •
  • 17.1 AJAX Intro
  • 17.2 AJAX XMLHttp
  • 17.3 AJAX Request
  • 17.4 AJAX Response
  • 17.5 AJAX XML File
  • 17.6 AJAX PHP
  • 17-6AJAXPHP.php
  • 17.8 AJAX Database
  • 17.9 AJAX Applications
    •
  • 18.1 JSON Intro
  • 18.2 JSON Syntax
  • 18.3 JSON vs XML
  • 18.4 JSON Data Types
  • 18.5 JSON Parse
  • 18.6 JSON Stringify
  • 18.7 JSON Objects
  • 18.8 JSON Arrays
  • 18.9 JSON Server
  • 18.10 JSON PHP
  • 18.11 JSON HTML
  • 18.12 JSON JSONP
    •
  • 19.1 jQuery Selectors
  • 19.2 jQuery HTML
  • 19.3 jQuery CSS
  • 19.4 jQuery DOM
    •

    • 9.11 JS Versions History

    JavaScript / ECMAScript

    • JavaScript was invented by Brendan Eich in 1995.
    • It was developed for Netscape 2, and became the ECMA-262 standard in 1997.
    • After Netscape handed JavaScript over to ECMA, the Mozilla foundation continued to develop JavaScript for the Firefox browser. Mozilla's latest version was 1.8.5. (Identical to ES5).
    • Internet Explorer (IE4) was the first browser to support ECMA-262 Edition 1 (ES1).
    Year ECMA Browser
    1995 JavaScript was invented by Brendan Eich
    1996 Netscape 2 was released with JavaScript 1.0
    1997 JavaScript became an ECMA standard (ECMA-262)
    1997 ES1 ECMAScript 1 was released
    1997 ES1 IE 4 was the first browser to support ES1
    1998 ES2 ECMAScript 2 was released
    1998 Netscape 42 was released with JavaScript 1.3
    1999 ES2 IE 5 was the first browser to support ES2
    1999 ES3 ECMAScript 3 was released
    2000 ES3 IE 5.5 was the first browser to support ES3
    2000 Netscape 62 was released with JavaScript 1.5
    2000 Firefox 1 was released with JavaScript 1.5
    2008 ES4 ECMAScript 4 was abandoned
    2009 ES5 ECMAScript 5 was released
    2011 ES5 IE 9 was the first browser to support ES5 *
    2011 ES5 Firefox 4 was released with JavaScript 1.8.5
    2012 ES5 Full support for ES5 in Safari 6
    2012 ES5 Full support for ES5 in IE 10
    2012 ES5 Full support for ES5 in Chrome 23
    2013 ES5 Full support for ES5 in Firefox 21
    2013 ES5 Full support for ES5 in Opera 15
    2014 ES5 Full support for ES5 in all browsers
    2015 ES6 ECMAScript 6 was released
    2016 ES6 Full support for ES6 in Chrome 51
    2016 ES6 Full support for ES6 in Opera 38
    2016 ES6 Full support for ES6 in Safari 10
    2017 ES6 Full support for ES6 in Firefox 54
    2017 ES6 Full support for ES6 in Edge 15
    2018 ES6 Full support for ES6 in all browsers **
    • Note
    • * Internet Explorer 9 did not support ES5 "use strict".
    • ** Internet Explorer 11 does not support ES6.

    The ECMA Technical Committee 39

    • In 1996, Netscape and Brendan Eich took JavaScript to the ECMA international standards organization, and a technical committee (TC39) was created to develop the language.
    • ECMA-262 Edition 1 was released in June 1997.

    From ES4 to ES6

    When the TC39 committee got together in Oslo in 2008, to agree on ECMAScript 4, they were divided into 2 very different camps:

    The ECMAScript 3.1 Camp:

    Microsoft and Yahoo who wanted an incremental upgrade from ES3.

    The ECMAScript 4 Camp:

    Adobe, Mozilla, Opera, and Google who wanted a massive ES4 upgrade. August 13 2008, Brendan Eich wrote an email:

    It's no secret that the JavaScript standards body, Ecma's Technical Committee 39, has been split for over a year, with some members favoring ES4, a major fourth edition to ECMA-262, and others advocating ES3.1 based on the existing ECMA-262 Edition 3 (ES3) specification. Now, I'm happy to report, the split is over.

    The solution was to work together:

    • ECMAScript 4 was renamed to ES5
    • ES5 should be an incremental upgrade of ECMAScript 3.
    • Features of ECMAScript 4 should be picked up in later versions.
    • TC39 should develop a new major release, bigger in scope than ES5.

    The planned new release (ES6) was codenamed "Harmony" (Because of the split it created?). ES5 was a huge success. It was released in 2009, and all major browsers (including Internet Explorer) were fully compliant by July 2013:

    Chrome browser Edge browser Firefox browser Safari browser Opera browser
    Chrome 23 IE10 / Edge Firefox 21 Safari 6 Opera 15
    Nov 2012 Sep 2012 May 2013 Jul 2012 Jul 2013

    ES6 was also a huge success. It was released in 2015, and all major browsers were fully compliant by March 2017:

    Chrome browser Edge browser Firefox browser Safari browser Opera browser
    Chrome 51 Edge 14 Firefox 52 Safari 10 Opera 38
    May 2016 Aug 2016 Mar 2017 Sep 2016 Jun 2016

    JavaScript Fundamentals course home
    Module 9. JS Versions

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    Example files created in this module:
    JS Strings - String.trim() JS Arrays - isArray() JS Array.forEach() JS Array.map() JS Array.filter() JS Array.reduce() JS Array.reduceRight() JS Array.every() JS Array.some() JS Array.indexOf() JS Array.lastIndexOf() JS JSON.stringify() JS Date.now() JS Getters and Setters part 1 JS Getters and Setters part 2 JS Getters and Setters part 3 JS New Object Property Methods part 1 JS New Object Property Methods part 2 JS New Object Property Methods part 3 JS Property Access on Strings part 1 JS Property Access on Strings part 2 JS Strings Over Multiple Lines part 1 JS Strings Over Multiple Lines part 2 JS let JS const JS Arrow Functions part 1 JS Arrow Functions part 2 JS For Of Loop - Looping over an Array JS For Of Loop - Looping over a String JS Classes - Using a Class JS Promise - Using a Promise JS Using JavaScript Symbol() JS Functions Default Parameter Values JS Functions - The Rest Parameter JS Arrays - The find() Method JS Arrays - The findIndex() Method JS Number Object Properties - EPSILON JS Number Object Properties - MIN_SAFE_INTEGER JS Number Object Properties - MAX_SAFE_INTEGER JS Numbers - The isInteger() Method JS Numbers - The isSafeInteger() Method JS Numbers - The isFinite() Method JS Numbers - The isNaN() Method JS Exponentiation Operator JS Exponentiation Operator - Math.pow() JS Exponentiation Assignment (**=) JS Arrays - The includes() Method JS Strings - The padStart() Method JS Strings - The padEnd() Method JS Object Methods - Object.entries() method JS Object Methods - Object.values() method JS Async Functions JS Strings - The trimStart() Method JS Strings - The trimEnd() Method JS Objects - The fromEntries() Method JS Arrays - The flat() Method JS Arrays - The flatMap() Method JS Stable Sort JS JSON - Revised stringify() JS Strings - Separator Symbols JS Functions - The toString() Method JS Numbers - Create a BigInt JS Numbers - BigInt typeof JS Strings - The matchAll() Method part 1 JS Strings - The matchAll() Method part 2 JS Strings - The matchAll() Method part 3 JS Operators - The ?? Operator JS Operators - The ?. Operator JS Strings - The replaceAll() Method part 1 JS Strings - The replaceAll() Method part 2 JS Numbers - Numeric Separator (_) part 1 JS Numbers - Numeric Separator (_) part 2 JS Numbers - Numeric Separator (_) part 3 JS Arrays - Array at() JS Strings - The at() Method