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  • 9.1 JS Versions
  • 9.2 JS 2009 (ES5)
  • 9.3 JS 2015 (ES6)
  • 9.4 JS 2016
  • 9.5 JS 2017
  • 9.6 JS 2018
  • 9.7 JS 2019
  • 9.8 JS 2020
  • 9.9 JS 2021/2022
  • 9.10 JS IE / Edge
  • 9.11 JS Versions History
    •
  • 1.1 JS Introduction
  • 1.2 JS Where To Install
  • 1.3 JS Output
  • 1.4 JS Statements
  • 1.5 JS Syntax
  • 1.6 JS Comments
    •
  • 2.1 JS Variables
  • 2.2 JS Let
  • 2.3 JS Const
  • 2.4 JS Operators
  • 2.5 JS Arithmetic
  • 2.6 JS Assignment
    •
  • 3.1 JS Data Types
  • 3.2 JS Functions
  • 3.3 JS Objects
  • 3.4 JS Events
    •
  • 4.1 JS Strings
  • 4.1.1 JS String Methods
  • 4.1.2 JS String Search
  • 4.1.3 JS String Templates
  • 4.2 JS Numbers
  • 4.2.1 JS BigInt
  • 4.2.2 JS Number Methods
  • 4.2.3 JS Number Properties
  • 4.3 JS Arrays
  • 4.3.1 JS Array Methods
  • 4.3.2 JS Array Sort
  • 4.3.3 JS Array Iteration
  • 4.3.4 JS Array Const
    •
  • 5.1 JS Dates
  • 5.1.1 JS Date Formats
  • 5.1.2 JS Get Date Methods
  • 5.1.3 JS Set Date Methods
  • 5.2 JS Math
  • 5.3 JS Random
    •
  • 6.1 JS Booleans
  • 6.2 JS Comparisons
  • 6.3 JS Conditions
  • 6.4 JS Switch
  • 6.5 JS For Loops
  • 6.6 JS While Loops
  • 6.7 JS Break Loops
    •
  • 7.1 JS Sets
  • 7.2 JS Maps
  • 7.3 JS Typeof
  • 7.4 JS Type Conversion
  • 7.5 JS Bitwise
  • 7.6 JS RegExp
  • 7.7 JS Precedence
  • 7.8 JS Errors
  • 7.9 JS Scope
  • 7.10 JS Hoisting
  • 7.11 JS Strict Mode
  • 7.12 JS this Keyword
  • 7.13 JS Arrow Function
    •
  • 8.1 JS Classes
  • 8.2 JS Modules
  • 8.3 JS JSON
  • 8.4 JS Debugging
  • 8.5 JS Style Guide
  • 8.6 JS Best Practices
  • 8.7 JS Mistakes
  • 8.8 JS Performance
  • 8.9 JS Reserved Words
    •
  • 9.1 JS Versions
  • 9.2 JS 2009 (ES5)
  • 9.3 JS 2015 (ES6)
  • 9.4 JS 2016
  • 9.5 JS 2017
  • 9.6 JS 2018
  • 9.7 JS 2019
  • 9.8 JS 2020
  • 9.9 JS 2021/2022
  • 9.10 JS IE / Edge
  • 9.11 JS Versions History
    •
  • 10.1 JS Object Definitions
  • 10.2 JS Object Properties
  • 10.3 JS Object Methods
  • 10.4 JS Object Display
  • 10.5 JS Object Accessors
  • 10.6 JS Object Constructors
  • 10.7 JS Object Prototypes
  • 10.8 JS Object Iterables
  • 10.9 JS Object Sets
  • 10.10 JS Object Maps
  • 10.11 JS Object Reference
    •
  • 11.1 JS Function Definitions
  • 11.2 JS Function Parameters
  • 11.3 JS Function Invocation
  • 11.4 JS Function Call
  • 11.5 JS Function Apply
  • 11.6 JS Function Bind
  • 11.7 JS Function Closures
    •
  • 12.1 JS Class Intro
  • 12.2 JS Class Inheritance
  • 12.3 JS Class Static
    •
  • 13.1 JS Callbacks
  • 13.2 JS Asynchronous
  • 13.3 JS Promises
  • 13.4 JS Async/Await
    •
  • 14.1 DOM Intro
  • 14.2 DOM Methods
  • 14.3 DOM Document
  • 14.4 DOM Elements
  • 14.5 DOM HTML
  • 14.6 DOM Forms
  • 14.7 DOM CSS
  • 14.8 DOM Animations
  • 14.9 DOM Events
  • 14.10 DOM Event Listener
  • 14.11 DOM Navigation
  • 14.12 DOM Nodes
  • 14.13 DOM Collections
  • 14.14 DOM Node Lists
    •
  • 15.1 JS Window
  • 15.2 JS Screen
  • 15.3 JS Location
  • 15.4 JS History
  • 15.5 JS Navigator
  • 15.6 JS Popup Alert
  • 15.7 JS Timing
  • 15.8 JS Cookies
    •
  • 16.1 Web API Intro
  • 16.2 Web Forms API
  • 16.3 Web History API
  • 16.4 Web Storage API
  • 16.5 Web Worker API
  • 16.6 Web Fetch API
  • 16.7 Web Geolocation API
    •
  • 17.1 AJAX Intro
  • 17.2 AJAX XMLHttp
  • 17.3 AJAX Request
  • 17.4 AJAX Response
  • 17.5 AJAX XML File
  • 17.6 AJAX PHP
  • 17-6AJAXPHP.php
  • 17.8 AJAX Database
  • 17.9 AJAX Applications
    •
  • 18.1 JSON Intro
  • 18.2 JSON Syntax
  • 18.3 JSON vs XML
  • 18.4 JSON Data Types
  • 18.5 JSON Parse
  • 18.6 JSON Stringify
  • 18.7 JSON Objects
  • 18.8 JSON Arrays
  • 18.9 JSON Server
  • 18.10 JSON PHP
  • 18.11 JSON HTML
  • 18.12 JSON JSONP
    •
  • 19.1 jQuery Selectors
  • 19.2 jQuery HTML
  • 19.3 jQuery CSS
  • 19.4 jQuery DOM
    •

    • 9.1 JS Versions

    • JavaScript was invented by Brendan Eich in 1995, and became an ECMA standard in 1997.
    • ECMAScript is the official name of the language.
    • ECMAScript versions have been abbreviated to ES1, ES2, ES3, ES5, and ES6.
    • Since 2016, versions are named by year (ECMAScript 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020).

    ECMAScript Editions

    Ver Official Name Description
    ES1 ECMAScript 1 (1997) First edition
    ES2 ECMAScript 2 (1998) Editorial changes
    ES3 ECMAScript 3 (1999) Added regular expressions
    Added try/catch
    Added switch
    Added do-while
    ES4 ECMAScript 4 Never released
    ES5 ECMAScript 5 (2009) Added "strict mode"
    Added JSON support
    Added String.trim()
    Added Array.isArray()
    Added Array iteration methods
    Allows trailing commas for object literals
    ES6 ECMAScript 2015 Added let and const
    Added default parameter values
    Added Array.find()
    Added Array.findIndex()
    ECMAScript 2016 Added exponential operator (**)
    Added Array.includes()
    ECMAScript 2017 Added string padding
    Added Object.entries()
    Added Object.values()
    Added async functions
    Added shared memory
    Allows trailing commas for function parameters
    ECMAScript 2018 Added rest / spread properties
    Added asynchronous iteration
    Added Promise.finally()
    Additions to RegExp
    ECMAScript 2019 String.trimStart()
    String.trimEnd()
    Array.flat()
    Object.fromEntries
    Optional catch binding
    ECMAScript 2020 The Nullish Coalescing Operator (??)
    • This tutorial covers every version of JavaScript:
      • The Original JavaScript ES1 ES2 ES3 (1997-1999)
      • The First Main Revision ES5 (2009)
      • The Second Revision ES6 (2015)
      • Yearly Additions (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020)

    Browser Support

    ECMAScript 1 - 6 is fully supported in all modern browsers.

    Browser Support for ES5 (2009)

    Browser Version From Date
    Chrome 23 Nov 2012
    Firefox 21 May 2013
    IE 9* Mar 2011
    IE / Edge 10 Sep 2012
    Safari 6 Jul 2012
    Opera 15 Jul 2013

    * Internet Explorer 9 does not support ECMAScript 5 "use strict".

    Browser Support for ES6 (2015)

    Browser Version Date
    Chrome 51 May 2016
    Firefox 52 Mar 2017
    Edge 14 Aug 2016
    Safari 10 Sep 2016
    Opera 38 Jun 2016

    Internet Explorer does not support ECMAScript 2015.

    Browser Support for ECMAScript 2016

    Browser Version Date
    Chrome 52 Jul 2016
    Firefox 54 Jun 2017
    Edge 14 Aug 2016
    Safari 10.1 Mar 2017
    Opera 39 Aug 2016

    JavaScript Fundamentals course home
    Module 9. JS Versions

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    Example files created in this module:
    JS Strings - String.trim() JS Arrays - isArray() JS Array.forEach() JS Array.map() JS Array.filter() JS Array.reduce() JS Array.reduceRight() JS Array.every() JS Array.some() JS Array.indexOf() JS Array.lastIndexOf() JS JSON.stringify() JS Date.now() JS Getters and Setters part 1 JS Getters and Setters part 2 JS Getters and Setters part 3 JS New Object Property Methods part 1 JS New Object Property Methods part 2 JS New Object Property Methods part 3 JS Property Access on Strings part 1 JS Property Access on Strings part 2 JS Strings Over Multiple Lines part 1 JS Strings Over Multiple Lines part 2 JS let JS const JS Arrow Functions part 1 JS Arrow Functions part 2 JS For Of Loop - Looping over an Array JS For Of Loop - Looping over a String JS Classes - Using a Class JS Promise - Using a Promise JS Using JavaScript Symbol() JS Functions Default Parameter Values JS Functions - The Rest Parameter JS Arrays - The find() Method JS Arrays - The findIndex() Method JS Number Object Properties - EPSILON JS Number Object Properties - MIN_SAFE_INTEGER JS Number Object Properties - MAX_SAFE_INTEGER JS Numbers - The isInteger() Method JS Numbers - The isSafeInteger() Method JS Numbers - The isFinite() Method JS Numbers - The isNaN() Method JS Exponentiation Operator JS Exponentiation Operator - Math.pow() JS Exponentiation Assignment (**=) JS Arrays - The includes() Method JS Strings - The padStart() Method JS Strings - The padEnd() Method JS Object Methods - Object.entries() method JS Object Methods - Object.values() method JS Async Functions JS Strings - The trimStart() Method JS Strings - The trimEnd() Method JS Objects - The fromEntries() Method JS Arrays - The flat() Method JS Arrays - The flatMap() Method JS Stable Sort JS JSON - Revised stringify() JS Strings - Separator Symbols JS Functions - The toString() Method JS Numbers - Create a BigInt JS Numbers - BigInt typeof JS Strings - The matchAll() Method part 1 JS Strings - The matchAll() Method part 2 JS Strings - The matchAll() Method part 3 JS Operators - The ?? Operator JS Operators - The ?. Operator JS Strings - The replaceAll() Method part 1 JS Strings - The replaceAll() Method part 2 JS Numbers - Numeric Separator (_) part 1 JS Numbers - Numeric Separator (_) part 2 JS Numbers - Numeric Separator (_) part 3 JS Arrays - Array at() JS Strings - The at() Method